Generalized Analogs of the Heisenberg Uncertainty Inequality

We investigate locally compact topological groups for which a generalized analogue of Heisenberg uncertainty inequality hold. In particular, it is shown that this inequality holds for $\mathbb{R}^n \times K$ (where $K$ is a separable unimodular locally compact group of type I), Euclidean Motion group and several general classes of nilpotent Lie groups which include thread-like nilpotent Lie groups, $2$-NPC nilpotent Lie groups and several low-dimensional nilpotent Lie groups

STATISTICAL HANDLING OF MEDICAL DATA - AN ETHICAL PERSPECTIVE

Medical Science is a delicate subject and the clinical data generated from the medical trials must be reliable and of good quality. Not only the quality of generated data is important, but the management is also crucial and is to be handled very carefully. In this paper, the ethical aspect of statistical handling of such data is discussed. Every profession has some set of norms to follow to achieve its objectives. These norms are called professional ethics which shows the essence of human behaviour. Same way, the field of medical research is expected to follow ethical norms, to obtain reliable and true results. Being a biostatistician, I would like to share my experiences to highlight that how the ethical norms are violated especially during data collection and data analysis, while conducting a trial in a health setup. In a follow-up study, correlated data recorded by the postgraduate students, health workers and field workers is highly biased in the desire of establishing the favourable effectiveness of their intervention. It is also seen that they have the tendency of manipulating the data at the time of analysis to have desirable outcomes. They fix in their mind to prove a drug effective, even when it is ineffective. Students are more prone to this practice. Sometimes, even the statistician apart from the students and health professionals, does not have adequate knowledge to apply the right test, which leads to wrong decisions. All these practices are un-ethical and all the members involved at any level in a trial must be made well aware, and must understand that these results are going to be applied on human beings, where one do not have a second chance to try. So, they should stick to the principles of honesty and truthfulness. In a clinical trial, reliability of data and results is very important. Biostatisticians must also understand that instead of applying wrong test, it is better to consult their seniors and should not indulge themselves in suppressing the true facts. It is their responsibility to translate the statistical interpretation of the results into medical interpretation

Comparison between bipolar vessel sealer (LigaSure vessel sealer) and harmonic scalpel in total laparoscopic hysterectomy

Background: The aim of the present study was to compare the use of bipolar Vessel Sealer with Harmonic Scalpel (HS) during total laparoscopic hysterectomy with respect to estimated blood loss and related postoperative complications.Methods: A retrospective study was conducted in the Jeevan Jyoti hospital and Guru Gobind Singh Memorial Vanadana Women’s hospital, Allahabad, U.P., India. Two forty two patients were enrolled who underwent total laparoscopic hysterectomy and were randomized into two homogenous groups: bipolar vessel sealer and harmonic scalpel.Results: Estimated blood loss was significantly less in bipolar vessel sealer when compared with harmonic scalpel. No significant difference was observed in postoperative complications.Conclusions: The bipolar vessel sealer is a reliable and safe tool for reducing intraoperative blood loss in patients undergoing total laparoscopic hysterectomy. More randomized studies need to be done to confirm the advantages of this technique.

Generating Vocabulary Sets for Implicit Language Learning using Masked Language Modeling

A well-balanced language curriculum must include both explicit vocabulary learning and implicit vocabulary learning. However, most language learning applications focus on explicit instruction. Students require support with implicit vocabulary learning because they need enough context to guess and acquire new words. Traditional techniques aim to teach students enough vocabulary to comprehend the text, thus enabling them to acquire new words. Despite the wide variety of support for vocabulary learning offered by learning applications today, few offer guidance on how to select an optimal vocabulary study set. This paper proposes a novel method of student modeling with masked language modeling to detect words that are required for comprehension of a text. It explores the efficacy of using deep learning via a pre-trained masked language model to model human reading comprehension and presents a vocabulary study set generation pipeline (VSGP). Promising results show that masked language modeling can be used to model human comprehension and the pipeline produces reasonably sized vocabulary study sets that can be integrated into language learning systems

Reversal in declining trend of adult mortality in many states of India, 1970-2001: Is it due to AIDS?

Objectives: To investigate the reversal in adult mortality trend from declining to rising in some segments of population in India, and to use an indirect demographic method to examine if this increase could be due to AIDS mortality. Also, to estimate the total excess deaths. Design: Cross-sectional data on age-specific death rate in 5-year age-intervals from 25 to 44 years for the years 1970 to 1998 for rural/urban and male/female segments for each of 16 major states of India obtained from the government reports, and their projections till the year 2001. Methods: In view of reversal of trend in some areas, we tried to fit a parabola to the observed rates in each segment. A statistically significant fit in some segments revealed the year with least mortality rate when the reversal started. Another fit was obtained by projection of the previously declining trend. Excess deaths were estimated by applying the excess death rate to the population of the segment where reversal in trend was significant. Results: Reversal in declining mortality trend was detected in 65 of a total 256 age-sex-area (urban/rural) segments that we examined. Fourteen of the 16 States revealed reversal in at least one segment. The year of reversal in most segments coincides fairly well with the anticipated year of start of substantial AIDS mortality. At the national level, a total of at least 214,390 deaths till 2001 were revealed as excess by this method. This number is quite low relative to the deaths otherwise attributed to AIDS in the country. Contrary to belief, increase in mortality due to AIDS was seen more commonly in rural areas than in urban areas, and more in females than in males. Conclusions: The indirect demographic method of estimating AIDS deaths in India yields an apparently low number of deaths, and does not confirm the belief that AIDS in India is spreading from urban to rural, and from male to female populations. Keywords: AIDS deaths, Mortality trend reversal, States of India, Age-specific death rates, Demographic metho

Reliability of the Model for Clustering of Longitudinal datasets of Infant Mortality Rate in India

Because of the natural tendency of human beings and heavenly bodies to form groups, the technique of cluster analysis or segmentation analysis find its importance and applications in many fields of study. A model for clustering of time trends was proposed by authors whose beauty is that 2-way dimensions that is the horizontal flow of the trend and vertical distance of the trend from a common base are considered to obtain the natural clusters. In the present paper, the reliability of this model is studied in two steps namely (i) by repeating the analysis but using different interval distance measures and (ii) by repeating the analysis but using different hierarchical clustering techniques. Dissimilarity coefficients were calculated for the time trends of infant mortality rates in India using this model. In SPSSv17.0, four different clustering methods were applied using generalized power function. Agglomeration schedules were obtained and elbow criterion diagrams were made for each trend. Five stable clusters were suggested by these methods. K-means clustering technique was applied to obtain the actual members of these five clusters

Active Segregation Dynamics in the Living Cell

In this paper, we bring together our efforts in identifying and understanding nonequilibrium phase segregation driven by active processes in the living cell, with special focus on the segregation of cell membrane components driven by active contractile stresses arising from cortical actomyosin. This also has implications for active segregation dynamics in membraneless regions within the cytoplasm and nucleus (3d). We formulate an active version of the Flory-Huggins theory that incorporates a contribution from fluctuating active stresses. Apart from knitting together some of our past theoretical work in a comprehensive narrative, we highlight some new results, and establish a correspondence with recent studies on Active Model B/B+. We point to the many unusual aspects of the dynamics of active phase segregation, such as (i) anomalous growth dynamics, (ii) coarsening accompanied by propulsion and coalescence of domains that exhibit nonreciprocal effects, (iii) segregation into mesoscale domains, (iv) emergence of a nonequilibrium phase segregated steady state characterised by strong macroscopic fluctuations (fluctuation dominated phase ordering (FDPO)), and (v) mesoscale segregation even above the equilibrium Tc. Apart from its implications for actively driven segregation of binary fluids, these ideas are at the heart of an Active Emulsion description of the lateral organisation of molecules on the plasma membrane of living cells, whose full molecular elaboration appears elsewhere